Rogue River Athabaskans and Takelma west over the Cascade Mountains.In addition to the Klamath, with whom they shared a language and the Modoc Plateau, the groups neighboring the Modoc home were: In winter, they built earthen dugout lodges shaped like beehives, covered with sticks and plastered with mud, near lake shores with reliable sources of seeds from aquatic wokas plants and fishing. Until the 19th century, when European explorers first encountered the Modoc, like all Plateau Indians, they caught salmon during salmon runs and migrated seasonally to hunt and gather other food. In 1846, the population may have included "perhaps 600 warriors (an overestimate, probably)". University of Oregon anthropologist Theodore Stern suggested that there had been a total of about 500 Modoc. Kroeber estimated the Modoc population within California as 500 at the year 1770. James Mooney put the aboriginal population of the Modoc at 400. Early population įurther information: Population of Native CaliforniaĮstimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. The federal government officially recognized the Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma in 1978, and its constitution was approved in 1991. They are descendants of the band Captain Jack ( Kintpuash) led during the Modoc War. Originally they were placed on the Quapaw Indian Reservation in Oklahoma's far northeast corner. Two hundred Modoc live in Oklahoma on a small reservation in Ottawa County, Oklahoma, that the federal government purchased for them.
The shared tribal government of the Klamath, Modoc and Yahooskin in Oregon is known as the Klamath Tribes. Since that time, many have followed the path of the Klamath. This group includes those who stayed on the reservation during the Modoc War, as well as the descendants of those who chose to return in 1909 to Oregon from Indian Territory in Oklahoma or Kansas. Chief Yellow Hammer painted in traditional clothing by E.A Burbank, 1901.Ībout 600 Modoc live in Klamath County, Oregon, in and around their ancestral homelands.
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